Evolution of plant breeding
نویسنده
چکیده
Plant breeding is considered one of the longest ongoing activities undertaken by humans, who select plants more productive and useful to themselves and the animals for at least 10,000 years ago. The evolution of civilizations paralleled the success of plant breeding, although this has not been recognized by the public. The reason may be lack of understanding of what plant breeding encompasses. The concept of plant breeding evolved, depending on the time it was formulated, but without losing the essence of being art and science of manipulating plants for man. This review discusses the evolution of the concepts and the methods of plant breeding, here divided arbitrarily into selection based on phenotypes, breeding values and genotypes. No matter how big the pool of genetic information in recent years, the phenotype will continues to be important in the present and future.
منابع مشابه
Genetic Diversity of Genotypes of Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum L.) Genotypes Based on Cluster and Principal Component Analyses
Genetic diversity is the basis of the natural evolution of plant breeding and biological system are important components of sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate 116 genotypes of Triticum turgidum from seven countries in terms of morphological traits. The results showed that high significant differences among the genotypes. The correlation between gra...
متن کاملGenetic Diversity of Genotypes of Durum Wheat (Triticum Turgidum L.) Genotypes Based on Cluster and Principal Component Analyses
Genetic diversity is the basis of the natural evolution of plant breeding and biological system are important components of sustainability. The aim of this study was to evaluate 116 genotypes of Triticum turgidum from seven countries in terms of morphological traits. The results showed that high significant differences among the genotypes. The correlation between gra...
متن کاملPolyploidy: From Evolution to New Plant Development Polyploidy: From Evolution to New Plant Development©
INTRODUCTION Polyploidy is an intriguing phenomenon in plants that has provided an important pathway for evolution and speciation. Although the first polyploid was discovered over a century ago, the genetic and evolutionary implications of polyploidy are still being elucidated (Bennett, 2004; Soltis et al., 2003). On a more practical level, there are many opportunities for utilizing polyploidy ...
متن کاملTempo and mode in plant breeding system evolution.
Classic questions about trait evolution-including the directionality of character change and its interactions with lineage diversification-intersect in the study of plant breeding systems. Transitions from self-incompatibility to self-compatibility are frequent, and they may proceed within a species ("anagenetic" mode of breeding system change) or in conjunction with speciation events ("cladoge...
متن کاملThe Breeding System of Gilia Achilleifolia: Variation in Floral Characteristics and Outcrossing Rate.
The outcrossing rate is a key component of the breeding system. While estimates of outcrossing rate exist for some plants, less information is available on variation in outcrossing rate within species and on its causes. Since many features of flowers affect the level of outcrossing, plant breeding systems are often inferred 'from observations on floral morphology, physiology, and phenology. Typ...
متن کامل